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The designer was looking for a way to show the connection between
the country of origin Great Britain, the intermediate station in the Netherlands and the final destination in America (later the United States).
That is why the flags of these three countries are depicted from bottom right to top left.
At the top right, the stamp shows the traditionally dressed couple and the ship that were also on the 2009 stamp.
The year of arrival 1620 is illustrated at the bottom right by the images of the Indians Squanto and Massasoit who played an important role in the early period.

 

total edition: 100 sheet

C000365839      
11-21-2020       
100
 

You can see a larger image by clicking on this small one.


You can see the occasion envelope at the bottom left of this page.

Thanksgiving

The celebration that Americans call the "First Thanksgiving" was held in October 1621 by the Pilgrims, after their first harvest in the New World.
This "first thanksgiving" lasted three days and, according to Edward Winslow's testimony, was attended by 90 Indians and 53 pilgrims.

 

Wampanoag Chief Massasoit overlooks the 1920 Plymouth Rock Memorial in Plymouth Massachusetts.

 

Plymoth Plantation

Plimoth Plantation is an open-air museum in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
The museum gives an impression of life in the Plymouth Colony, as it was founded in the 17th century by the Pilgrim Fathers. Now it is a museum where you can see an old-fashioned English village and Indian huts. Actors play the roles of the famous Pilgrims and of the Wampanoag, who explain their side of history.
A replica of the Mayflower is also located near the museum. This was a gift from the British government in gratitude for the American support during World War II.

 

Mayflower Compact from 1620

click on it for a larger image.

Pilgrim Fathers in Leiden - 1609-1620
Mayflower Compact op 11-21-1620

The belonged to the Congreganists from England. Due to increasing persecution there they fled to the Netherlands, where they settled in Leiden in 1609. John Robinson became their leader there. They took refuge in Leiden from 1609-1620.

To mark the occasion - 400 years later - a personal stamp was designed in 2009.
The couple and the ship are also featured on the stamp opposite.

 


Stay in The Netherlands 1609 - 1620
For eleven years they lived in Leiden, where the pastor John Robinson was their leader. They lived in the weavers' houses behind the current Kloksteeg, where the Jean Pesynhof is now located.
Finding the local, pre-existing, English-speaking community and their pastor, Robert Dury, too liberal, there was no collaboration; probably the worship services were held at John Robinson's house.
Many of them decided to move to the New World in 1620; their economic situation in Leiden was not rosy and they also found the Dutch society much too libertine. They feared that their community would be mixed with others and watered down; a development that was already underway in the communities of the French and Flemish Protestants.
After deciding to leave Holland, they planned to cross the Atlantic Ocean with two purchased ships. A small ship called Speedwell would first transport them from Leiden to England. Then the larger Mayflower would be used to carry most of the passengers and supply the rest of the way.
The journey to the south coast of England took three days, where the ship anchored at Southampton on 5 August 1620. From there, the Pilgrims first saw their larger ship, the Mayflower, as it was loaded with provisions.
The Mayflower and Speedwell set sail on August 15, 1620. Shortly afterwards, the Speedwell's crew reported that their ship was making water, so both were docked at Dartmouth, Devon. Of the 120 passengers, 102 were chosen to travel on the Mayflower based on the supplies carried. About half of these came via Leiden, and about 28 of the adults were members of the Congregation.
Mayflower II (replica)Mayflower II (replica)When the Mayflower departed from Plymouth alone on September 16, with what Bradford called "a good wind," it carried 102 passengers plus a crew of 25 to 30 officers and men, bringing the total on board to about 130 .
Initially, the journey went smoothly, but along the way they faced strong winds and storms. One caused a main boom to break and the possibility of a return being considered even though they were more than halfway to their destination. However, they repaired the ship enough to continue using a "big iron screw" brought by the colonists. Passenger John Howland fell overboard during the storm, but grabbed a rope in the water and was pulled back on board. A crew member and a passenger died before landing. A child was born at sea and was named Oceanus.

On November 19, 1620, they spotted Cape Cod today.


Before the ship anchored on November 21, the Mayflower Compact was prepared and signed by the male pilgrims and non-pilgrims (whom members of the congregation referred to as "Strangers"). The resolutions in the Compact included the establishment of a rule of law and the suppression of increasing strife within the ranks. Myles Standish was selected to ensure that the rules were adhered to, as there was a consensus that discipline needed to be enforced to ensure the planned colony's survival. After they agreed to settle down and build a self-governing community, they came ashore.

sources: based on Wikipedia

 

After landing and at the beginning of settlement, the new colony could survive only thanks to the help of the local people, the Indians of the Wampanoag tribe. It is sad and shameful that in later centuries they were almost completely massacred by the heirs of the Pilgrims and subsequent settlers - and their illnesses.

 

1911 image showing Squanto
teaching the Pilgrims to plant corn

 

 

 

 

 

 

Massasoit smokes the peace pipe
with John Carver

Squanto or Tisquantum (died November 30, 1622) was an Indian who served as an interpreter and guide for the Pilgrim Fathers and thus played an important role in the history of Thanksgiving Day.
Squanto was an Indian of the Patuxet, a subgroup of the Wampanoag. He was brought to England in 1605 by the English explorer George Weymouth where he learned the English language.
After wandering, he returned home with the Newfoundland Company in 1619, where it was found that his tribe had been exterminated by the diseases brought by the Europeans. He settled with the chief Massasoit of the Wampanoag.
In the spring of 1621, Squanto was introduced to the Pilgrim Fathers by the Indian Samoset through his knowledge of English. For the Pilgrims, he served as an interpreter with hostile Indian tribes and helped them plant corn, helping the Pilgrims survive. He died of illness a year later.		  

Massasoit was a chief of Wampanoag during the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers.
On March 22, 1621, Massasoit was introduced by Squanto to the Pilgrim Fathers. With his brother he met Edward Winslow, who asked for peace and trade. Massasoit saw an ally in the Pilgrims and signed a peace treaty with Governor John Carver whereby Pilgrims and Wampanoag would assist each other.
With the help of Massasoit, the colony managed to survive during the difficult first years. The Pilgrims repaid Massasoit when he fell seriously ill in the winter of 1623 and was healed by Edward Winslow.
Until his death around 1661, Massasoit remained a staunch ally of the Pilgrims. After this, however, the relationship quickly deteriorated and his son Metacomet rose against the British during King Philip's War.

Click on the envelope for
a larger view.

 

 

 

 

The envelope has its own stamp imprint.
In the stamp you can see the seal of the Plymouth Colony, designed in 1629.
It shows four figures in a shield with the Cross of Saint George, apparently in Native American clothing, each with the burning heart symbol of John Calvin.
The text shows the signature of the Mayflower Compact 1620, a painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 1899.

Mayflower Compact
It is the document the Pilgrim Fathers signed on November 21, 1620 on board the ship, the Mayflower, before going ashore to found the Plymouth Colony. The document was the first agreement governing the administration of the colony.
The signing took place while they were anchored off present-day Provincetown on Cape Cod, the peninsula that is now part of Massachusetts.

 

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